20 Examples of Intensive and Extensive Properties - encyclopedia

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Examples of intensive properties
Examples of extensive properties
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The matter it is the substance of which something is made. For example, the material of a nail can be iron. The matter of living beings it is organic matter.

When we speak of matter we refer to something that has mass and volume, that is, it occupies a space.

Matter can have two types of properties:

Extensive properties: They depend on the amount of matter.
Intensive properties: (or intrinsic) They do not depend on the amount of matter, that is, they remain unchanged.

There are some extensive properties that can be used as intensive. For example, him volume it is an extensive property. However, it can become an intensive property if it is considered as a unit value, such as molar volume (the volume of one mole of the substance).

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Examples of Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

Examples of intensive properties

Temperature: The amount of heat in a substance. It is measured in degrees. For example: "This water sample has a temperature of 32 degrees Celsius"In the example the amount of water is not specified because the intensive properties do not change with the amount. If the sample is two liters the temperature will be the same as if the sample is 200 cm3.
Boiling temperature: Also called boiling point. It is the maximum temperature that a substance can reach in liquid state. If the substance exceeds that temperature, it will be in a gaseous state. For example: the boiling temperature of water is 100 degrees C.
Melting point or melting point: Temperature at which a substance changes state solid to liquid. In general the melting point is equal to the freezing point (for example, for water, the melting point and the freezing point is 0 degrees). However, some exceptions such as agar-agar. Example: the melting point of silver is 961 degrees.
Pressure: It is a physical quantity that measures the projection of force in a perpendicular direction per unit area. It is measured in pascals or newtons. When atmospheric pressure is measured (the pressure that the atmosphere exerts on the earth) it is measured in hectopascals (hPa) which is equal to 100 pascals. Example: the pressure today in this location is 1013 hectopascals.
Specific volumeAlthough the volume is an extensive property, the specific volume is an intensive property because it is the volume occupied by a unit of mass of a material. It is the inverse magnitude of the density. It is measured in units of volume times a unit of mass. For example, cubic meters per kilogram. For example: the specific volume of water at 20 degrees is 0.001002 m3 / kg.
Density: It is the magnitude of the amount of mass in a certain volume. In other words, the density of a body is the ratio between the mass of a body and the volume it occupies. For example: the density of sunflower oil is 0.891 g / cm3.
Colour: Refers to the appearance of a substance to the human eye. For example, the color of the wood can be orange, brown or copper.
Flavor: In chemistry, one rarely works with the flavor of substances, since many of them are toxic. However, it is important to remember that it is one of the intensive properties of substances. For example: the taste of lemon is acid.
Compressibility: It is the capacity of matter to decrease in volume when subjected to a certain pressure or compression.
Concentration: Given a solution, the concentration is the ratio between the amount of solute (the substance in smaller proportion, usually a solid) and the amount of solvent (substance that dissolves). The greater the amount of solute compared to that of solvent, the more concentrated the solution is said. The smaller the amount of solute compared to that of solvent, the more dilute the solution is said to be.
Refractive index: It is the quotient between the speed of light and the speed of light in the substance from which we calculate the index. In other words, the faster the light passes through that substance, the lower the refractive index. The refractive index of vacuum is 1, the refractive index of air is 1.0002926, the refractive index of diamond is 2.42.
Surface tension: It is a property of liquids. It is the ability of some liquids to prevent their surface from increasing. Surface tension is the force acting tangentially per unit length at the edge of a surface of a liquid in equilibrium. The surface tension causes water droplets to form and the water does not spread over an entire surface. Water has a surface tension of 72.75, while other liquids have lower surface tensions, such as acetone (23.70) or ethyl alcohol (22.75).
Elasticity: It is the ability of some materials to return to their original shape after having suffered deformations as a result of an external force.

Examples of extensive properties

Weight: It is a measure of force. Is the Gravitational force that acts on an object. On the earth's surface, the weight of an object is equal to its mass. However, the weight of the same body on the Moon will be much less, while its mass will remain the same. It is a vector magnitude.
Dough: Is the amount of matter of a body. To measure it, the kilogram is used, as with weight. It is a scalar quantity.
Volume: It is the extension of an object in three dimensions. It is a quantity derived from the length. The most widely used units of volume are the liter and cubic centimeters (cm3). One liter is 1,000 cm3.
Potential energy: Within a physical system, the potential energy of an object is the energy stored according to its position. For example, a brick hanging from a rope two meters high has the potential energy of its fall, in case the rope is cut. Since potential energy depends on weight, mass, and volume, it is an extensive property.
Inertia: Inertia is the ability of an object to remain in a state of rest or motion. Any state of rest (immobility) or movement is always relative, since it depends on the point of view of the observer.
Length: In the same way that volume changes with the amount of matter, so does length. It is the distance between two points, but measured in only one dimension, unlike the volume that is measured in three (length, width, depth).
Heat capacity: It is the amount of heat that allows the temperature of a body to vary by one degree. It depends on the amount of substance since, for example, it takes more heat to heat a liter of water than half a liter of water.