Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Content

• Examples of organic compounds
• Examples of inorganic compounds

The chemical compounds are substances made up of two or more elements interrelated with each other, thus giving rise to an entirely new and different substance. According to type of atoms that make up these compounds, we can speak of organic and inorganic compounds:

Is called organic compounds to those that contain mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms, in correlation and composition with other elements. East type of compounds have covalent bonds (between non-metallic atoms) of few elements (from two to five) and they are of great complexity, existing around 10 million compounds of this type. They give rise to life and are secreted by living beings.

The inorganic compoundsOn the other hand, they do not usually contain carbon atoms, nor hydrogen-carbon bonds (typical of the hydrocarbons), and their atoms can be linked by ionic bonds (metallic and non-metallic atom) or covalent. These substances can contain multiple elements from any source on the periodic table and are good electrical conductors.

Examples of organic compounds

1. Methanol (CH₃OH). Known as wood or methyl alcohol, the simplest alcohol there is.
2. Propanone (C₃H₆OR). The common solvent acetone, flammable and transparent, with a characteristic odor.
3. Acetylene (C₂H₂). Also called ethyne, it is an alkyne gas lighter than air and colorless, highly flammable.
4. Ethyl ethanoate (CH₃-COO-C₂H₅). Also known as ethyl acetate or vinegar ether, used as a solvent.
5. Formol (CH₂0). Used as a preservative of biological matter (samples, corpses), it is also known as methanal or formaldehyde.
6. Glycerin (C₃H₈OR₃). Glycerol or propanetriol, is an intermediate product of the fermentation alcoholic and digestive processing of lipids.
7. Glucose (C₆H₁₂OR₆). The basic unit of energy in living beings is a monosaccharide sugar.
8. Ethanol (C₂H₆OR). Ethyl alcohol, present in alcoholic beverages, the result of the anaerobic fermentation of sugars with yeast.
9. Isopropanol (C₃H₈OR). Isopropyl alcohol, an isomer of propanol, becomes acetone upon oxidation.
10. Acetylsalicylic acid (C₉H₈OR₄). The active compound of aspirin: analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory.
11. Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂OR₁₁). The most common of the carbohydrates: table sugar.
12. Fructose (C₆H₁₂OR₆). Fruit sugar maintains an isomeric relationship with glucose.
13. Cellulose (C₆H₁₀OR₅). Main compound of plant beings, it serves as a structure in the plant cell wall and as an energy reserve.
14. Nitroglycerin (C₃H₅N₃OR₉). A powerful explosive, it is obtained by mixing concentrated nitric acid, sulfuric acid and glycerin.
15. Lactic acid (C₃H₆OR₃). Indispensable in energizing processes of the human body in the face of low oxygen concentrations, the production of glucose via lactic fermentation.
16. Benzocaine (C₉H₁₁NO₂). Used as a local anesthetic, although its use in infants has secondary effects of high toxicity.
17. Lidocaine (C₁₄H₂₂N₂OR). Another anesthetic, widely used in dentistry and as an antiarrhythmic.
18. Lactose (C₁₂H₂₂OR₁₁). Formed from galactose and glucose, it is the sugar that gives animal milk its energy load.
19. Cocaine (C₁₇H₂₁NO₄). A potent alkaloid derived from the coca plant and synthesized to produce an illegal drug of the same name.
20. Ascorbic acid (C₆H₈OR₆). Also known as the important vitamin C of citrus fruits.

It can serve you: Examples of Organic Waste

Examples of inorganic compounds

1. Sodium chloride (NaCl). The common salt of our diet.
2. Hydrochloric acid (HCl). One of the most powerful acids known, it is one of those secreted by the stomach to digest food.
3. Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). A water-reactive acid, resistant to oxidation, evaporation and reduction, used in the soft drink industry.
4. Sulfuric acid (H₂SW₄). One of the largest known corrosives, it is widely used in various types of industry and is produced in large quantities in the world.
5. Potassium iodide (KI). This salt is widely used in photography and radiation treatment.
6. Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂OR₇). Orange salt, highly oxidizing, capable of causing fires when in contact with organic substances.
7. Silver chloride (AgCl). Widely used in electrochemistry and in laboratories, due to its very low solubility in water, it is a crystalline solid.
8. Ammonia (NH₃). Also called azano or ammonium gas, it is a colorless gas rich in nitrogen with a particularly repulsive odor.
9. Cuprous sulfate (Cu₂SW₄). An insoluble salt, used as a disinfectant and colorant for metal surfaces.
10. Silicon oxide (SiO₂). Commonly called silica, it forms quartz and opal, and is one of the components of sand.
11. Iron sulfate (FeSO₄). Also known as green vitriol, melanterite or green caparrosa, it is a blue-green salt used as a colorant and as a treatment for certain anemias.
12. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃). Long used as an antacid and in the glass and cement industry, it is a very abundant substance in nature, such as rocks or as shells and exoskeletons of certain animals.
13. Lime (CaO). It is calcium oxide in any of its forms, widely used in construction mixtures as a binder.
14. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Present in fire extinguishers or in many dietary and medicinal products, it has a very alkaline pH.
15. Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Potassium soda, used in making soaps and other solvents.
16. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Called caustic soda or caustic soda, it is used in the paper, fabric and detergent and drain opener industries.
17. Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃). A powerful agricultural fertilizer.
18. Cobalt Silicate (CoSiO₃). Used in the production of pigments (such as cobalt blue).
19. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄). Epsom salt or English salt, when adding water. It has multiple medical uses, especially muscular, or as bath salts.
20. Barium chloride (BaCl₂). A very toxic salt used in pigments, steel treatments, and fireworks.