Fusion, Solidification, Evaporation, Sublimation and Condensation

Content

• Fusion examples
• Examples of solidification
• Examples of evaporation
• Examples of sublimation
• Examples of condensation

There are various physical processes through which matter can gradually change state, alternating between solid, liquid Y gaseous according to the specific pressure conditions and temperature to which it is subjected, as well as the catalyst action specific.

This is due to the amount of energy with which its particles vibrate, allowing a greater or lesser proximity between them and thus altering the physical nature of the substance in question.

These processes are: fusion, solidification, evaporation, sublimation and condensation.

• The fusion It is the passage from solid to liquid matter as its temperature increases (up to its melting point).
• The solidification is the opposite case, from liquid to solid, or from gaseous to solid (also called crystallization or deposition), when removing temperature.
• The evaporation It implies the transition from a liquid to a gaseous state by increasing the temperature (up to its boiling point).
• The sublimation It is similar, but less common: the transition from solid to gaseous, without going through the liquid state.
• The condensation or precipitation, converts gases into liquids from the variation of pressure or temperature.

It can serve you: Examples of Solid, Liquid and Gaseous

Fusion examples

1. Melt ice. By increasing the temperature of the ice, either by leaving it at room temperature or by subjecting it to fire, it will lose its solidity and will become liquid water.
2. Melt metals. Various metallurgical industries operate based on the melting of the targets in large industrial furnaces, in order to be able to shape or fuse them with others (alloys).
3. Melt candles. The candles, made from paraffins from hydrocarbons, remains solid at room temperature, but when subjected to the fire of the wick, it melts and becomes liquid again until it cools down again.
4. Volcanic magma. Subjected to enormous pressures and temperatures, this substance that inhabits the earth's crust can be thought of as molten or molten rock.
5. Burn plastics. By increasing their temperature to ordinary conditions, certain plastics quickly become liquid, although they re-solidify just as quickly once the flame is not in direct contact with them.
6. Melt cheese. Cheese is a dairy coagulate that is usually more or less solid at room temperature, but under heat it becomes a liquid until it cools down again.
7. The welds. The process of welding involves the fusion of a metal by means of a chemical reaction high temperature, allowing you to join other metal parts as they are less solid and, when cooling, regain strength together.

See more: Examples from Solids to Liquids

Examples of solidification

1. Convert water to ice. If we remove heat (energy) from the water until it reaches its freezing point (0 ° C), the liquid will lose its mobility and will go into a solid state: ice.
2. Make clay bricks. Bricks are made from a mixture of clays and other elements in a semi-liquid paste, which acquire their specific shape in a mold. Once there, they are baked to remove moisture and give them strength and resistance in return.
3. Igneous rock formation. This type of rock originates from the liquid volcanic magma that inhabits the deep layers of the earth's crust and that, when sprouting to the surface, cools, densifies and hardens, until it becomes solid stone.
4. Make candy. Sweets are made by burning and melting the sugar common, until a brownish liquid substance is obtained. Once poured into a mold, it is allowed to cool and harden, thus obtaining a caramel.
5. Make sausages. Sausages such as chorizo ​​or blood sausage are made from animal blood, coagulated and marinated, cured inside the skin of pig tripe.
6. Make glass. This process begins with the merger of the raw material (silica sand, calcium carbonate and limestone) at high temperatures, until the right consistency is achieved to blow and shape it. The mixture is then allowed to cool and it obtains its characteristic solidity and transparency.
7. Make tools. From liquid steel (alloy of iron and carbon) or cast, various tools and utensils for everyday use are made. The liquid steel is allowed to cool and solidify in a mold and thus the tool is obtained.

See more: Examples from Liquids to Solids

Examples of evaporation

1. Boil water. By bringing water to 100 ° C (its boiling point), its particles take up so much energy that it loses liquidity and becomes steam.
2. Clothes hanging. After washing, we hang the clothes so that the heat of the environment evaporates the residual humidity and the fabrics remain dry.
3. Coffee smoke. The smoke that emerges from a hot cup of coffee or tea is nothing more than part of the water present in the mixture which becomes a gaseous state.
4. Sweating. The drops of sweat that our skin secretes evaporate into the air, thus cooling the temperature of our surface (they extract heat).
5. Alcohol or ether. These substances, left at room temperature, will evaporate in a short time, since their evaporation point is much lower than that of water, for example.
6. Get sea salt. The evaporation of seawater loses the salt that was normally dissolved in it, allowing it to be collected for dietary or industrial uses, or even to desalinate the water (which from steam would be converted into a liquid, now free of salts).
7. Hydrological cycle. The only way that the water from the environment rises to the atmosphere and can cool down to precipitate again (the so-called water cycle), is for it to evaporate from seas, lakes and rivers, when heated during the day by the direct action of the sun.

See more: Examples of Evaporation

Examples of sublimation

1. Dry ice. At room temperature, ice made from carbon dioxide (CO₂, liquefied first and then frozen) returns to its original gaseous form.
2. Evaporation at the poles. Since in the Arctic and Antarctic water is not in its liquid form (they are below 0 ° C), part of it is sublimated directly into the atmosphere from its solid form of ice.
3. Naphthalene. Composed of two benzene rings, this solid material used as a repellent for moths and other animals disappears by itself as it transforms, at room temperature, from a solid to a gas.
4. Arsenic sublimation. When brought to 615 ° C, this solid (and highly toxic) element loses its solid form and becomes a gas, without going through a liquid on the way.
5. The wake of the comets. As they approach the sun, these traveling rocks gain heat and much of the CO₂ frozen begins to sublimate, tracing the known "tail" or visible trail.
6. Iodine sublimation. The iodine crystals, when heated, transform into a very characteristic purple gas without the need to melt first.
7. Sulfur sublimation. Sulfur is usually sublimated as a way to obtain "flower of sulfur", its presentation in the form of very fine powder.

See more: Examples from Solid to Gaseous (and the other way around)

Examples of condensation

1. The morning dew. The decrease in ambient temperature during the early morning allows the condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere on exposed surfaces, where it becomes drops of water known as dew.
2. Fogging of mirrors. Given the coldness of their surface, mirrors and glass are ideal receptors for condensation of water vapor, as occurs when taking a hot shower.
3. Sweating from cold drinks. Being at a temperature lower than the environment, the surface of a can or bottle filled with cold soda receives moisture from the environment and condenses it into droplets commonly referred to as "sweat."
4. The water cycle. Water vapor in hot air normally rises to the upper layers of the atmosphere, where it runs into segments of cold air and loses its gaseous form, condensing into rain clouds that will drop it back into a liquid state on the earth.
5. Air conditioners. It is not that these devices produce water, but that they collect it from the surrounding air, much colder than outside, and condense it inside you. Then it must be expelled through a drainage channel.
6. Industrial gas handling. Many flammable gases, such as butane or propane, are subjected to great pressure to bring them to their liquid state, which makes them much easier to transport and handle.
7. Fog on the windshield. When driving through a fog bank, you will notice that the windshield fills with water droplets, like very light rain. This is due to the contact of water vapor with the surface, which, being colder, favors its condensation.

See more: Examples of Condensation